Antropological Museum, Mexico City. 1500 A.D.

The Aztec calendar set out the mathematical formulas according to
which the whole universe was organized and which governed the
actions of men and Gods alike. The calendar is actually two: the
Xiupohualli or the count of the days and the Tonalpohualli or the
count of destiny. The calendar had to be consulted through the
priests before engaging in any activity whether it was farming,
warfare, religion or commerce. In addition to the count of the days,
it also has astronomical data like the phases of the moon and Venus
and the years of Mercury and Mars. The calendar also mentions the
four eras of humanity known as "suns" before our own: all ended in
cataclysm. The sun that is now ours, the fifth one, Nahui Ollin
("four earthquake") is supposed to end by cataclysmic earthquakes.
The Aztecs attributed the invention of the calendar to the God
Quetzalcoatl. The original calender weighs 25 tons and has a
diameter of eleven feet.

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